Garrett Turbo

Jessica Whittaker asked:




The Toyota Supra was one of Toyota’s most popular sporting cars that gained many, many fans and spawned many racing enthusiasts and Supra lovers all over the world. The Mark I is the first generation of the car and ran from 1979 to 1981. The Supra was derived from the Toyota Celica, and was then known as the Toyota Celica Supra until its third generation, then the Celica was dropped and it was essentially its own car. The assembly of this masterpiece was done strictly in Japan, and the body style consists of 2+2 fastback GT coupe format. The look of the Mark I was longer and wider when compared to the Celica, and the engine of the first four generations can trace their direct engine roots to the Toyota 2000GT.

The overall dimensions of the car with wheelbase at 2628.9mm, a length of 4615.2mm, a width of 1651mm, a height of 1290.3mm and a curb weight of 2800lbs, where there were subtle variations as the years rolled on. The first year of production of the Supra, named the Toyota Celica XX, saw the car having all modern conveniences of the period of power windows and locks, cruise control, sunroof (optional), fliptop arm rests, tilt steering wheel, deep zippered pockets, a tonneau cover, AM/FM/MPX 4 speaker radio, analog clock and tachometer. The engine was completely changed from the four cylinder of the Celica to the Inline 6, and the first year saw two engines on different sides of the pond; 2.6 litre (2563cc) 12 valve SOHC inline 6 engine (4M-E), and the 2.0 litre (1988cc) 12 valve SOHC inline 6 engine (M-EU) that both out putted 110hp (82kW) and 184 Nm (136 ft-lbs). They were the first Toyota engines to have electronic fuel injection. They also had either a four speed automatic or a five speed manual transmission with overdrive gear.

The solid rear axle configuration was kept from the Celica, which had optional limited slip differential. The car has standard four wheel disc brakes, which suspension that consists of MacPherson Struts and stabilizer bar at the front, and four link suspension with coil springs, stabilizer bar, and lateral track bar at the back. In 1980, the changes that occurred to the car was a increase performance engine of 2.0 litre (1988cc) 12 valve SOHC Turbocharged inline 6 engine that delivered 145hp (108kW), and a torque of 211 Nm (156 ft-lbs). It was the first Toyota engine to have a turbocharger, and it was outfitted with a Garrett T03 Turbo, but was not intercooled. There were also a few aesthetic changes like the addition of mudflaps with “Celica” on them, redesigned side mirrors, bigger aluminum rims, leather trimmed seating, and climate control.

In 1981, the final year of the Mark I, there was a massive engine upgrade with a (2759cc) 2.8 litre 12 valve SOHC engine but achieves 116hp (87kW) and a torque of 197Nm (145ft-lbs). The automatic transmission was also revamped as the Toyota A43D, as it attained a final drive setting. The change of the Mark I saw the Supra achieve acceleration from 0-60mph 10.24 seconds and the quarter mile in 17.5 seconds. It was a highly impressive performance at the time, and it was considered a supercar for the road. The last big addition was the sports package that offered raised white letter tyres, sport suspension, back and front spoilers, and the first introduction of the 8-track cartridge in any Supra.



garrett turbo

Carazoo.com asked:


Diesel engines are the favourite of Indian car manufacturers on cars ranging from small cars to ultra luxury cars. Off late diesel engine has shed the ‘dirty’ term attracted. It is now one of the cleanest fuel technologies which offer great care to engines while delivering high fuel efficiency.

Thanks to some pioneering work by German car manufacturer like Mercedes-Benz and Volkswagen  in bring in cleaner diesel technologies. But diesel, the cheaper sibling of petrol, has been available since the early 19th century. Diesel as a fuel was invested by Rudolf Diesel in 1893.

For the first time he demonstrated that diesel engines uses internal combustion through compression. Ignition is developed under high pressure and high temperature environment. It was widely used in larger vehicles like the trucks, and trains for a long time. Comparatively, the petrol engine creates fuel combustion by igniting the fuel through sparks.

In the past decade diesel engines have undergone a dramatic change. Numerous technological advancements have helped improve its performance, quietness, acceleration and emission.  Other modern equipments like turbochargers, electronic fuel injection, multi-point fuel injection and other technological advancements.

Some of the different types of diesel engines are

Common Rail Direct Injection

The Common Rail Direct injection or CRDI is a modern invention of the direct injection system in engine. It is mostly used in Diesel engines though it can be used for petrol engines too. CRDI improves performance, increases mileage and helps keep the engine intact. This performance oriented diesel engine type is found in Hyundai Accent, Mahindra vehicles as CRDe, BMWs and Ford Motors.

Though this was initially developed by inventor Robert Huber of Switzerland it was made applicable for wide use in automobiles by Fiat Group which ultimately sold it to German company Robert Bosch. Common rails were first utilized by Denso In 1997 it was used in passenger cars and since then has been wide used in engines developed by Bosch. The advantages of CRDI made its very popular among urban car buyers in early part of this decade.

Multijet Fuel Injection

This types of diesel engine system was also developed by Fiat. It improved performance of CRDI engines vastly. It is widely used in Indian car such as Maruti Suzuki Swift Diesel, Swift Dzire, Fiat Palio and others. Engines use injectors to receive inputs of fuel to the combustion chamber. Injectors are precise spring-loaded valves that open and close at a specific fuel pressure to produce energy. Rather than a central point of injection of fuel, multiple points are synchronized are release predetermined amount of  fuel to the combustion chamber.

Di Turbocharged

The mirrors image of Multijet is the direct injection turbocharged engine. Since Direct Injection(DI) emitted high amounts of emission, a turbocharger was fitted to it. The turbo charged engine helped increased performance and reduced emission drastically. The direct injection works on low compression rate which was considered a drawback by many. The DI turbocharged engines are used in Skoda Octavia.

Naturally Aspirated

It is an indirect injection engine without a turbocharger. Cars using these engines draw air through air filters and pass it through a meter. This meter monitors and regulates the passage of air to the engine combustion chamber. Naturally aspirated engines produce less power. However, they are popular because they are cheaper than turbocharged engines.



Agustin